Invasive species Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea as a cheap source of valuable essential oils
https://doi.org/10.35102/cbg.2025.90.10.003
Abstract
The essential oils of Solidago species, known for their high antifungal and antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens, represent a promising source for developing organic pesticides. This study aimed to quantify and characterize the essential oil composition of two invasive Solidago species—S. canadensis and S. gigantea—and to determine how geographical location and phenological phase influence these parameters. We analyzed eight S. canadensis and six S. gigantea specimens from various invasive populations in the European part of Russia. Essential oil composition was determined at the CKP FIC "Biotechnology" RAS (RFMEFI62114X0002) using a Shimadzu GS 2010 gas chromatograph equipped with a GCMS-QP 2010 mass spectrometer.
The minimum essential oil content (0,10–0,15 %) was found in northern populations, while the maximum (0,32–0,46 %) was recorded from abandoned agricultural lands. For both species, the highest oil content was observed in inflorescences at the beginning of the flowering stage. A total of 83 components were identified. The oil of S. gigantea was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, whereas that of S. canadensis was richer in monoterpene compounds. The major constituents of S. canadensis essential oil were α-pinene (39,3–50,4 %), limonene (11,7–24,1 %), and bornyl acetate (3,4–19,8 %), with germacrene D (3,8–10,3 %) as the most significant sesquiterpene. In contrast, S. gigantea essential oil was primarily composed of bornyl acetate (25,2–40,4 %) and germacrene D (15,0–28,2 %). The observed variability in the qualitative and quantitative composition of these oils will facilitate the future selection of chemotypes with the highest concentrations of biologically active compounds.
About the Authors
O. V. Shelepova
Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
Yu. K. Vinogradova
Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
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For citations:
Shelepova O.V., Vinogradova Yu.K. Invasive species Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea as a cheap source of valuable essential oils. New Bull. MBG. 2025;1(1-2):37-47. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.35102/cbg.2025.90.10.003
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