gbsНовый бюллетень Главного ботанического садаNew Bulletin of the Main Botanical Garden3033-7135Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина Российской академии наук10.35102/cbg.2025.90.10.003gbs-6Research ArticleИнвазии чужеродных растенийAlien plant invasionsИвазионные чужеродные виды Solidago canadensis и S. gigantea как дешевый источник ценных эфирных маселInvasive species Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea as a cheap source of valuable essential oilsШелеповаО. В.ShelepovaO. V.

Москва

Moscow

shov_gbsad@mail.ruВиноградоваЮ. К.VinogradovaYu. K.

Москва

Moscow

gbsad@mail.ruГлавный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина Российской академии наукРоссияTsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20252211202511-23747Copyright © Шелепова О.В., Виноградова Ю.К., 20252025Шелепова О.В., Виноградова Ю.К.Shelepova O.V., Vinogradova Y.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.botanicarossica.ru/jour/article/view/6

Эфирные масла видов рода Solidago являются перспективным источником для разработки органических пестицидов и обладают высокой противогрибковой и антимикробной активностью против ряда фитопатогенов. Цель работы – определение количества и компонентного состава эфирного масла растений двух инвазионных видов Solidago, а также выявление зависимости этих параметров от географического места сбора и от фенологической фазы развития растений. Изучены 8 образцов S. canadensis и 6 образцов S. gigantea из различных инвазионных популяций Европейской части России. Компонентный состав эфирного масла определен в ЦКП ФИЦ «Биотехнологии» РАН (RFMEFI62114X0002) на газовом хроматографе Shimadzu GS 2010 с масс-детектором GCMS‒QP 2010. Минимальное количество эфирного масла S. canadensis (0,1–0,15 %) зафиксировано в самых северных популяциях, максимальное – на заброшенных, но ранее окультуренных полях (0,32–0,46 %). У обоих видов наибольшее содержание эфирного масла отмечено в соцветиях в фазу начала цветения. В составе масла выявлено 83 компонента. У S. gigantea в составе масла зафиксирована максимальная доля сесквитерпеновых углеводородов, а у S. canadensis – монотерпеновых соединений. Основными соединениями эфирного масла S. canadensis являются α-пинен (39,3–50,4 %), лимонен (11,7–24,1 %) и борнилацетат (3,4–19,8 %), а среди сесквитерпеновых соединений – гермакрен D (3,8–10,3 %). Основными соединениями эфирного масла S. gigantea являются борнилацетат (25,2–40,4 %) и гермакрен D (15,0–28,2 %). Выявленная изменчивость качественного и количественного состава эфирных масел позволит в дальнейшем отобрать хемотипы с максимальным количеством биологически активных соединений.

The essential oils of Solidago species, known for their high antifungal and antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens, represent a promising source for developing organic pesticides. This study aimed to quantify and characterize the essential oil composition of two invasive Solidago species—S. canadensis and S. gigantea—and to determine how geographical location and phenological phase influence these parameters. We analyzed eight S. canadensis and six S. gigantea specimens from various invasive populations in the European part of Russia. Essential oil composition was determined at the CKP FIC "Biotechnology" RAS (RFMEFI62114X0002) using a Shimadzu GS 2010 gas chromatograph equipped with a GCMS-QP 2010 mass spectrometer.The minimum essential oil content (0,10–0,15 %) was found in northern populations, while the maximum (0,32–0,46 %) was recorded from abandoned agricultural lands. For both species, the highest oil content was observed in inflorescences at the beginning of the flowering stage. A total of 83 components were identified. The oil of S. gigantea was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, whereas that of S. canadensis was richer in monoterpene compounds. The major constituents of S. canadensis essential oil were α-pinene (39,3–50,4 %), limonene (11,7–24,1 %), and bornyl acetate (3,4–19,8 %), with germacrene D (3,8–10,3 %) as the most significant sesquiterpene. In contrast, S. gigantea essential oil was primarily composed of bornyl acetate (25,2–40,4 %) and germacrene D (15,0–28,2 %). The observed variability in the qualitative and quantitative composition of these oils will facilitate the future selection of chemotypes with the highest concentrations of biologically active compounds.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.