<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gbs</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Новый бюллетень Главного ботанического сада</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New Bulletin of the Main Botanical Garden</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3033-7135</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина Российской академии наук</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35102/cbg.2025.40.28.004</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gbs-7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биотехнология растений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Plant biotechnology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности регенерации и анатомического строения листовой пластинки Actinidia polygama при культивировании in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regeneration features and leaf anatomical struc- ture of Actinidia polygama under in vitro conditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крахмалева</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krakhmaleva</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">seglory@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молканова</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molkanova</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1-2</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крахмалева И.Л., Молканова О.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крахмалева И.Л., Молканова О.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krakhmaleva I.L., Molkanova O.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.botanicarossica.ru/jour/article/view/7">https://www.botanicarossica.ru/jour/article/view/7</self-uri><abstract><p>Actinidia polygama является малораспространенной плодовой культурой, плоды которой содержат большое количество каротиноидов (включая β-каротин), аскорбиновой кислоты и других ценных биологически активных веществ. В исследовании выявлены особенности регенерации перспективных сортов A. polygama на этапе собственно микроразмножения. Определено влияние различных регуляторов роста (6-бензиламинопурина, мета-Тополина и 2-изопентениладенина) на основные морфометрические показатели эксплантов. Установлено, что культивирование на питательных средах с добавлением 0,5 мг/л мета-Тополина стимулировало как образование адвентивных микропобегов у основания экспланта, так и пробуждение почек на микропобегах, что способствовало увеличению эффективности микроразмножения сортов A. polygama в 1,1–1,3 раза, по сравнению со средами, содержащими 0,5 мг/л 6-бензиламинопурина или 0,5 мг/л 2-изопентениладенина. Отмечено, что добавление в питательную среду мета-Тополина совместно с 6бензиламинопурином в концентрациях по 0,5 мг/л оказало синергетический эффект и повысило коэффициент размножения большинства сортов A. polygama в 1,1–1,2 раза. Выявлены анатомические особенности структурной организации ассимилирующих тканей и устьичного аппарата листовой пластинки A. polygama при переходе из условий in vitro в ex vitro. Листья у всех образцов A. polygama гипостоматические, устьичный аппарат аномоцитный независимо от условий культивирования. Отмечено, что в культуре in vitro для A. polygama характерна тонкая листовая пластинка, мезофилл состоящий из трех-четырех слоев (одного слоя палисадной и двух-трех слоев губчатой хлоренхимы) с большими межклеточными пространствами, многочисленные крупные округлые устьица. Установлено, что при адаптации ex vitro у растений происходило растяжение и дифференциация тканей листовой пластинки, уменьшались число и размер устьиц, изменялась форма устьиц (от круглой до эллиптической). Выявлено, что на морфометрические показатели листовой пластинки влияют как условия культивирования, так и сортовые особенности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Actinidia polygama is an unusual berry crop whose fruits are rich in carotenoids (including βcarotene), ascorbic acid, and other valuable bioactive compounds. This study investigated the regeneration of promising A. polygama cultivars during micropropagation. We assessed the morphometric responses of explants to different growth regulators, including 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP), metaTopolin (mT), and 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP). Cultivation on a medium supplemented with 0,5 mg L⁻¹ mT stimulated the formation of adventitious microshoots at the explant base and induced microshoot bud formation. This treatment increased the micropropagation efficiency of A. polygama cultivars by 1,1–1,3 times compared to media containing 0,5 mg L⁻¹ 6-BAP or 0,5 mg L⁻¹ 2iP. A synergistic effect was observed from the combined application of mT and 6-BAP (both at 0,5 mg L⁻¹), which increased micropropagation rates by 1,2–1,3 times in most cultivars. The study also examined the anatomical structure of the leaf assimilation tissues and stomatal apparatus during the transition from in vitro to ex vitro conditions. All A. polygama specimens had hypostomatous leaves with anomocytic stomata, regardless of culture conditions. Under in vitro conditions, leaves featured thin blades and mesophyll composed of three to four layers (one palisade layer and two to three spongy chlorenchyma layers) with large intercellular spaces, as well as numerous large, rounded stomata. During ex vitro acclimatization, the leaf tissues expanded and differentiated, the stomatal density and area decreased, and the stomatal shape changed from rounded to elliptical. This anatomical analysis demonstrated that leaf development in A. polygama cultivars is influenced by both culture conditions and genetic characteristics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Actinidia polygama</kwd><kwd>клональное микроразмножение</kwd><kwd>регуляторы роста</kwd><kwd>анатомическая структура листа</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Actinidia polygama</kwd><kwd>micropropagation</kwd><kwd>growth regulator</kwd><kwd>leaf structure</kwd><kwd>acclimatization</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ГБС РАН № 122042700002-6.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бутенко Р.Г. Биология культивируемых клеток и биотехнология растений. М., Наука, 1991. 279 c..</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butenko R.G. 1991. Biology of cultivated cells and plant biotechnology. Moscow, Nauka. 279 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deb C.R., Gangmei P.K. 2020. In vitro morphogenesis of foliar explants and plant regeneration of Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev. – a horticultural important plant. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. 21(15–16): 114–123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deb C.R., Gangmei P.K. 2020. In vitro morphogenesis of foliar explants and plant regeneration of Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev. – a horticultural important plant. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. 21(15–16): 114–123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Debenham M.C., Seelye J.F., Mullan A.C. 2016. An in vitro repository for clonal kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae. 1113: 93–98. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1113.13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debenham M.C., Seelye J.F., Mullan A.C. 2016. An in vitro repository for clonal kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae. 1113: 93–98. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1113.13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferguson A.R., Huang H. 2007. Genetic resources of kiwifruit: Domestication and breeding. In: Jules Janick, ed. Horticultural reviews. Vol. 33. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. P. 1–121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferguson A.R., Huang H. 2007. Genetic resources of kiwifruit: Domestication and breeding. In: Jules Janick, ed. Horticultural reviews. Vol. 33. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. P. 1–121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинс М.С., Гинс В.К., Байков А.А., Пивоваров В.Ф., Козак Н.В., Имамкулова З.А., Куликов И.М. и др. 2018. Листовая биомасса овощных и ягодных растений – источник антиоксидантов. Вестник российской сельскохозяйственной науки. 1: 39-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gins M.S., Gins V.K., Baykov А.А., Pivovarov V.F., Kozak N.V., Imamkulova Z.А., Kulikov I.M. et al. 2018. Foliar biomass of the vegetable and small fruit plants source of the antioxidants. Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science. 1: 39–44. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hameg, R., Arteta, T.A., Landin, M., Gallego, P.P., Barreal, M.E. 2020. Modeling and optimizing culture medium mineral composition for in vitro propagation of Actinidia arguta. Frontiers in Plant Science. 11: 554905. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.554905.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hameg, R., Arteta, T.A., Landin, M., Gallego, P.P., Barreal, M.E. 2020. Modeling and optimizing culture medium mineral composition for in vitro propagation of Actinidia arguta. Frontiers in Plant Science. 11: 554905. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.554905.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jagiełło-Kubiec K., Nowakowska K., Łukaszewska A.J., Pacholczak A. 2021. Acclimation to ex vitro conditions in ninebark. Agronomy. 11: 612. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11040612.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jagiełło-Kubiec K., Nowakowska K., Łukaszewska A.J., Pacholczak A. 2021. Acclimation to ex vitro conditions in ninebark. Agronomy. 11: 612. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11040612.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jayaprakash K., Manokari M., Badhepuri M.K., Raj M.C., Dey A., Shekhawat M.S. 2021. Influence of meta-topolin on in vitro propagation and foliar micro-morpho-anatomical developments of Oxystelma esculentum (L.f.) Sm. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 147: 325–337. DOI: 10.1007/s11240-021-02126-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jayaprakash K., Manokari M., Badhepuri M.K., Raj M.C., Dey A., Shekhawat M.S. 2021. Influence of meta-topolin on in vitro propagation and foliar micro-morpho-anatomical developments of Oxystelma esculentum (L.f.) Sm. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 147: 325–337. DOI: 10.1007/s11240-021-02126-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Камелин Р.В. 2022. Флора Восточной Азии и ее генезис. Turczaninowia. 25(3): 5–16..</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamelin R.V. 2022. Flora of East Asia and its genesis. Turczaninowia. 25(3): 5–16. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khanam M.N., Javed S.B., Anis M., Alatar A.A. 2020. meta-Topolin induced in vitro regeneration and metabolic profiling in Allamanda cathartica L. Industrial Crops and Products. 145: 111944. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111944.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khanam M.N., Javed S.B., Anis M., Alatar A.A. 2020. meta-Topolin induced in vitro regeneration and metabolic profiling in Allamanda cathartica L. Industrial Crops and Products. 145: 111944. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111944.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козак Н.В., Имамкулова З.А., Куликов И.М., Власова Е.В., Медведев С.М., Ильинова Л.Н. 2020. Редкие ягодные культуры: морфология, биохимия, экология. М., ФГБНУ ВСТИСП. 72 с..</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozak N.V., Imamkulova Z.A., Kulikov I.M., Vlasova E.V., Medvedev S.M., Ilinova L.N. 2020. Rare berry crops: morphology, biochemistry, ecology. Moscow, FSBSO ARHCBAN. 72 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krakhmaleva I.L., Molkanova O.I., Orlova N.D., Koroleva O.V., Mitrofanova I.V. 2024. In vitro morpho-anatomical and regeneration features of cultivars of Actinidia kolomikta (Maxim.) Maxim. Horticulturae. 10(12): 1335. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10121335.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krakhmaleva I.L., Molkanova O.I., Orlova N.D., Koroleva O.V., Mitrofanova I.V. 2024. In vitro morpho-anatomical and regeneration features of cultivars of Actinidia kolomikta (Maxim.) Maxim. Horticulturae. 10(12): 1335. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10121335.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kucharska D., Orlikowska T., Maciorowski R., Kunka M., Wójcik D., Pluta S. 2020. Application of meta-Topolin for improving micropropagation of gooseberry (Ribes grossularia). Scientia Horticulturae. 272: 109529. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109529.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kucharska D., Orlikowska T., Maciorowski R., Kunka M., Wójcik D., Pluta S. 2020. Application of meta-Topolin for improving micropropagation of gooseberry (Ribes grossularia). Scientia Horticulturae. 272: 109529. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109529.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lalthafamkimi L., Bhattacharyya P., Bhau B.S., Wann S.B., Banik D. 2021. Direct organogenesis mediated improvised mass propagation of Pogostemon cablin: A natural reserve of pharmaceutical biomolecules. South African Journal of Botany. 140: 375–384. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lalthafamkimi L., Bhattacharyya P., Bhau B.S., Wann S.B., Banik D. 2021. Direct organogenesis mediated improvised mass propagation of Pogostemon cablin: A natural reserve of pharmaceutical biomolecules. South African Journal of Botany. 140: 375–384. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levchyk N., Skrypchenko N., Dziuba O., Gajdosova A., Liubinska A., Zaimenko N. 2022. Features of morphogenesis of Actinidia arguta leaf tissues at microclonal propagation. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences. 12(1): e4667. DOI: 10.55251/jmbfs.4667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levchyk N., Skrypchenko N., Dziuba O., Gajdosova A., Liubinska A., Zaimenko N. 2022. Features of morphogenesis of Actinidia arguta leaf tissues at microclonal propagation. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences. 12(1): e4667. DOI: 10.55251/jmbfs.4667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma J.T., Li D.W., Liu J.K., He, J. 2021. Advances in research on chemical constituents and their biological activities of the genus Actinidia. Natural Products and Bioprospecting. 11: 573–609. DOI: 10.1007/s13659-021-00319-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma J.T., Li D.W., Liu J.K., He, J. 2021. Advances in research on chemical constituents and their biological activities of the genus Actinidia. Natural Products and Bioprospecting. 11: 573–609. DOI: 10.1007/s13659-021-00319-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малаева Е.В. 2008 Биологические и молекулярно-генетические особенности дальневосточных видов рода Actinidia Lindl. Дисс. канд. биол. наук. Москва, 136 с..</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malaeva E.V. 2008 Biological and molecular-genetic features of Far Eastern species of the genus Actinidia Lindl. Cand. Biol. Sci. diss. Moscow. 136 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малаева Е.В. 2020. Теоретические и практические аспекты клонального микроразмножения ягодных культур. Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии. 19(2): 19–23. DOI: 10.14258/pbssm.2020067.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malaeva E.V. 2020. Theoretical and practical aspects of clonal propagation of small fruit cultures. Problems of botany of south Siberia and Mongolia. 19(2): 19–23 (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Митрофанова И.В. (ред.) 2018. Основы создания генобанка in vitro видов, сортов и форм декоративных, ароматических и плодовых культур: Коллективная монография. Симферополь, Ариал. 260 с..</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitrofanova I.V. (ed.) 2018. Fundamentals of in vitro genebank of species, cultivars and forms in ornamental, aromatic and fruit crops: A collective monograph. Simferopol, Arial. 260 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitrofanova I., Lesnikova-Sedoshenko N., Tsiupka V., Smykov A., Mitrofanova O. 2021. Use of biotechnological methods to support the production of new peach hybrids. Horticulturae. 7: 533. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120533.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitrofanova I., Lesnikova-Sedoshenko N., Tsiupka V., Smykov A., Mitrofanova O. 2021. Use of biotechnological methods to support the production of new peach hybrids. Horticulturae. 7: 533. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120533.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Молканова О.И., Королева О.В., Стахеева Т.С., Крахмалева И.Л., Мелещук Е.А. 2018. Совершенствование технологии клонального микроразмножения ценных плодовых и ягодных культур для производственных условий. Достижения науки и техники АПК. 32(9): 66–69. DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10915.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molkanova O.I., Koroleva O.V., Stacheeva T.S., Krakhmaleva I.L., Meleshchuk E.A. 2018. Improvement of clonal micropropagation technology of valuable fruit and berry crops varieties for commercial conditions. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 32(9): 66–69. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Motyleva S., Kozak N., Kulikov I., Medvedev S., Imamkulova Z. 2017. The peculiarities of Actinidia species leaves micromorphology. Agrobiodiversity for Improving Nutrition, Health and Life Quality. 1: 342–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/agrobiodiversity.2017.2585-8246.342-346</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Motyleva S., Kozak N., Kulikov I., Medvedev S., Imamkulova Z. 2017. The peculiarities of Actinidia species leaves micromorphology. Agrobiodiversity for Improving Nutrition, Health and Life Quality. 1: 342–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/agrobiodiversity.2017.2585-8246.342-346</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Муратова С.А, Соловых Н.В, Терехов В.И. 2011. Индукция морфогенеза из изолированных соматических тканей растений. Мичуринск, Изд-во Мичуринского госагроуниверситета. 107 с..</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muratova S.A., Solovyh N.V., Terekhova V.I. 2011. Induction of Morphogenesis from Isolated Somatic Tissues of Plants. Michurinsk, Michurinsk State Agrarian University Publishing House. 107 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Плаксина Т.В., Бородулина И.Д. 2016. Влияние регуляторов роста на клональное микроразмножение представителей рода Актинидия. Acta Biologica Sibirica. 2(3): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/abs.v2i3.1455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plaksina T.V., Borodulina I.D. 2016. The effect of growth regulators on the clonal micropropagation of Actinidia genus. Acta Biologica Sibirica. 2(3): 54–60. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">POWO. Plants of the World Online, [online] Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/ urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:38999-1 (Accessed 10.02.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">POWO. Plants of the World Online, [online] Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/ urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:38999-1 (Accessed 10.02.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prado M.J., Herrera M.T. 2005. Micropropagation of two selected male kiwifruit and analysis of genetic variation with AFLP Markers. HortScience. 40(3): 740–746. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.40.3.740.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prado M.J., Herrera M.T. 2005. Micropropagation of two selected male kiwifruit and analysis of genetic variation with AFLP Markers. HortScience. 40(3): 740–746. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.40.3.740.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">[Прозина М.Н. 1960. Ботаническая микротехника. Москва, Высшая школа. 206 с..</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prozina M.N. 1960. Botanical Microtechniques. Moscow, Vyshaya Shkola. 206 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quoirin M., Lepoivre P. 1977. Improved medium for in vitro culture of Prunus sp. Acta Horticulturae. 78: 437–442. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1977.78.54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quoirin M., Lepoivre P. 1977. Improved medium for in vitro culture of Prunus sp. Acta Horticulturae. 78: 437–442. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1977.78.54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raeva-Bogoslovskaya E., Vinogradova Y., Molkanova O., Hussien M. 2023. Anatomical structures of Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier Medik.) leaves under different cultivation conditions. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy. 30(2): 185–193. DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v30i2.70495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raeva-Bogoslovskaya E., Vinogradova Y., Molkanova O., Hussien M. 2023. Anatomical structures of Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier Medik.) leaves under different cultivation conditions. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy. 30(2): 185–193. DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v30i2.70495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saeiahagh H., Mousavi M., Wiedow C., Bassett H.B., Pathirana R. 2019. Effect of cytokinins and sucrose concentration on the efficiency of micropropagation of ‘Zes006’ Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis, a red-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. 138: 1– 10. DOI: 10.1007/s11240-019-01597-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saeiahagh H., Mousavi M., Wiedow C., Bassett H.B., Pathirana R. 2019. Effect of cytokinins and sucrose concentration on the efficiency of micropropagation of ‘Zes006’ Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis, a red-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. 138: 1– 10. DOI: 10.1007/s11240-019-01597-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семенова Д.А., Крахмалева И.Л., Мишанова Е.В., Молканова О.И., Митрофанова И.В. 2023. Особенности регенерации перспективных сортов Actinidia arguta в культуре in vitro. Таврический вестник аграрной науки. 1(32): 93–103. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7898485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenova D.A., Krakhmaleva I.L., Mishanova E.V., Molkanova O.I., Mitrofanova I.V. 2023. Features of regeneration in vitro in promising Actinidia arguta cultivars. Taurida Herald of the Agrarian Sciences. 1(32): 93–103 (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaheen A., Dewir Y.H., Kher M., Khan M., El-Banna A.N., Alaizari A. 2022. Synergistic effect of benzylaminopurine and meta-Topolin combination for micropropagation of gerbera ‘Pink Melody’. Ciênciae Agrotecnologia. 46:e017521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246017521.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaheen A., Dewir Y.H., Kher M., Khan M., El-Banna A.N., Alaizari A. 2022. Synergistic effect of benzylaminopurine and meta-Topolin combination for micropropagation of gerbera ‘Pink Melody’. Ciênciae Agrotecnologia. 46:e017521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246017521.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shekhawat J.K., Rai M.K., Shekhawat N.S., Kataria V. 2021. Synergism of m-topolin with auxin and cytokinin enhanced micropropagation of Maytenus emarginata. In Vitro Cellular &amp; Developmental Biology – Plant. 57: 418–426. DOI: 10.1007/s11627-020-10132-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shekhawat J.K., Rai M.K., Shekhawat N.S., Kataria V. 2021. Synergism of m-topolin with auxin and cytokinin enhanced micropropagation of Maytenus emarginata. In Vitro Cellular &amp; Developmental Biology – Plant. 57: 418–426. DOI: 10.1007/s11627-020-10132-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shoyama Y., Chen S., Tanaka H., Sasaki Y., Sashida Y. 1998. Actinidia polygama (Japanese name Matatabi): In vitro culture, micropropagation, and the production of monoterpenes and triterpenoids. In: Bajaj Y.P.S., ed. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol. 41 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X. Berlin, Springer. P. 1–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shoyama Y., Chen S., Tanaka H., Sasaki Y., Sashida Y. 1998. Actinidia polygama (Japanese name Matatabi): In vitro culture, micropropagation, and the production of monoterpenes and triterpenoids. In: Bajaj Y.P.S., ed. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol. 41 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X. Berlin, Springer. P. 1–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Souza L.M., Barbosa M.R., Zárate-Salazar J.R., Lozano-Isla F., Camara T.R. 2019. Use of metaTopolin, an unconventional cytokinin in the in vitro multiplication of Opuntia stricta Haw. Biotecnología Vegetal. 19(2): 85–97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Souza L.M., Barbosa M.R., Zárate-Salazar J.R., Lozano-Isla F., Camara T.R. 2019. Use of metaTopolin, an unconventional cytokinin in the in vitro multiplication of Opuntia stricta Haw. Biotecnología Vegetal. 19(2): 85–97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Государственный реестр сортов и гибридов сельскохозяйственных растений, допущенных к использованию на 2024 г.]. (In Russian) [online] Available at: https://gossortrf.ru/publication/reestry.php (Accessed 10.02.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State register of varieties and hybrids of agricultural plants approved for use in 2024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sugawara F., Yamamoto N., Tanaka O. 1994. Plant regeneration in in vitro culture of leaf, stem and petiole segments of Actinidia polygama Miq. Plant tissue culture letters. 11(1): 14–18. DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology1984.11.14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sugawara F., Yamamoto N., Tanaka O. 1994. Plant regeneration in in vitro culture of leaf, stem and petiole segments of Actinidia polygama Miq. Plant tissue culture letters. 11(1): 14–18. DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology1984.11.14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsiupka V., Zhdanova I.V., Bulavin I.V., Tsiupka S., Mitrofanova I.V. 2022. Ex vitro acclimatization of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. plants. Acta Horticulturae. 1339: 363–370. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1339.45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsiupka V., Zhdanova I.V., Bulavin I.V., Tsiupka S., Mitrofanova I.V. 2022. Ex vitro acclimatization of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. plants. Acta Horticulturae. 1339: 363–370. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1339.45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vinogradova Y., Grygorieva O., Vergun O. 2019. Stomatal structure in Solidago L. species as the index of their adaptation opportunities. Agrobiodiversity for Improving Nutrition, Health and Life Quality. 3: 101–110. DOI: 10.15414/agrobiodiversity.2019.2585-8246.101-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinogradova Y., Grygorieva O., Vergun O. 2019. Stomatal structure in Solidago L. species as the index of their adaptation opportunities. Agrobiodiversity for Improving Nutrition, Health and Life Quality. 3: 101–110. DOI: 10.15414/agrobiodiversity.2019.2585-8246.101-110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьев В.Н., Невмержицкая Ю.Ю., Хуснетдинова Л.З., Якушенкова Т.П. 2013. Практикум по физиологии растений: учебно-методическое пособие. Казань: Казанский университет. 80 с..</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorobev V.N., Nevmerzhickaya Y.Y., Khusnetdinova L.Z., Yakushenkova T.P. 2013. Practicum on Plant Physiology: Textbook. Kazan, Kazan University. 80 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang F., Xin X., Wei H., Qiu X., Liu B. 2020. In vitro regeneration, ex vitro rooting and foliar stoma studies of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax. Agronomy. 10: 949. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10070949.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang F., Xin X., Wei H., Qiu X., Liu B. 2020. In vitro regeneration, ex vitro rooting and foliar stoma studies of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax. Agronomy. 10: 949. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10070949.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang S., Qiu Y., Zhu F. 2021. Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.): A review of chemical diversity and biological activities. Food Chemistry. 350: 128469. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128469.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang S., Qiu Y., Zhu F. 2021. Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.): A review of chemical diversity and biological activities. Food Chemistry. 350: 128469. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128469.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Werner E.T., Milanez C.R.D., Gontijo A.B.P.L., Soares T.C.B., Amaral J.A.T. 2018. Leaf anatomy changes related to cultivate in vivo and in vitro and during pre-acclimatization of Crambe abyssinica Hochst. Plant Cell Culture &amp; Micropropagation. 14(1): 10–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Werner E.T., Milanez C.R.D., Gontijo A.B.P.L., Soares T.C.B., Amaral J.A.T. 2018. Leaf anatomy changes related to cultivate in vivo and in vitro and during pre-acclimatization of Crambe abyssinica Hochst. Plant Cell Culture &amp; Micropropagation. 14(1): 10–17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaytseva Y.G., Ambros E.V., Novikova T.I. 2021. Meta-topolin: Advantages and disadvantages for in vitro propagation. In: Ahmad N., Strnad M., eds. Meta-topolin: a growth regulator for plant biotechnology and agriculture. Singapore, Springer. P. 119–141. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-9046-7_11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaytseva Y.G., Ambros E.V., Novikova T.I. 2021. Meta-topolin: Advantages and disadvantages for in vitro propagation. In: Ahmad N., Strnad M., eds. Meta-topolin: a growth regulator for plant biotechnology and agriculture. Singapore, Springer. P. 119–141. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-9046-7_11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
