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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gbs</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Новый бюллетень Главного ботанического сада</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New Bulletin of the Main Botanical Garden</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3033-7135</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина Российской академии наук</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35102/cbg.2025.28.40.002</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gbs-5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Инвазии чужеродных растений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Alien plant invasions</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Межпопуляционная изменчивость и оценка конкурентоспособности Erigeron canadensis L. в различных биотопах вторичного ареала</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interpopulation variability and assessment of competitiveness of Erigeron canadensis L. in various biotopes of the secondary distribution range</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gbsad@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куклина</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuklina</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котенко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Благовещенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Blagoveshchensk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Амурский филиал Ботанического сада-института Дальневосточного отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Amur Branch of the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1-2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Виноградова Ю.К., Куклина А.Г., Галкина М.А., Котенко О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Виноградова Ю.К., Куклина А.Г., Галкина М.А., Котенко О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vinogradova Y.K., Kuklina A.G., Galkina M.A., Kotenko O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.botanicarossica.ru/jour/article/view/5">https://www.botanicarossica.ru/jour/article/view/5</self-uri><abstract><p>Инвазионные виды растений являются очень хорошей моделью для изучения быстрых микроэволюционных изменений, происходящих во вторичном ареале. Модельный вид – Erigeron canadensis L. (Asteraceae) стал активно дичать в России с начала ХIХ столетия, и в настоящее время входит в тройку наиболее распространенных инвазионных видов. Целью данного исследования является оценка межпопуляционной изменчивости E. canadensis в широком диапазоне почвенноклиматических условий и выявление факторов, объясняющих быструю эволюцию конкурентных способностей этого вида в течение, по меньшей мере, двухсот смен поколений. В разных типах местообитаний в Москве, Московской области, Тульской, Курской, Орловской, Белгородской, Владимирской, Нижегородской, Амурской областях, Пермском и Ставропольском краях заложено 46 пробных площадок площадью 1 × 1 м. Для каждой площадки составляли список встреченных на ней видов и выбирали самый высокий экземпляр E. сanadensis, у которого определяли длину вегетативной и генеративной части побега и число корзинок. Затем на учетной площадке размером 0,5 × 0,5 м вокруг самого высокого экземпляра срезали надземную часть всех растений и оценивали воздушно-сухую биомассу: самого высокого экземпляра E. canadensis, всех остальных экземпляров E. canadensis и всех сопутствующих видов, произраставших на площадке. Отмечена очень высокая межпопуляционная изменчивость фенотипических признаков: коэффициент вариации сухой надземной биомассы превышает 94 %, а коэффициент вариации числа корзинок – 95 %, что указывает на высокий адаптивный потенциал вида. Выявлена высокая положительная корреляция между числом корзинок и надземной биомассой растения. Сделан вывод, что во вторичном ареале E. canadensis испытал сильный движущий отбор и способен произрастать в разнообразных экотопах, что и объясняет его высокую фенотипическую изменчивость. Erigeron canadensis является эксплерентом с низкой конкурентной способностью, и его присутствие влияет на естественные фитоценозы лишь в незначительной степени: некоторый эффект конкуренции наблюдался только на 13 % площадок, на которых биомасса E. canadensis была выше, чем биомасса всех остальных сопутствующих видов. Устойчивых растительных группировок E. canadensis с другими видами ни в одном из освоенных им экотопов не выявлено. Большинство произраставших совместно с E. canadensis видов встречены единично, что противоречит гипотезам «Global competition» и «Invasional meltdown», согласно которым первоначально внедрившиеся в фитоценоз чужеродные виды «облегчают» инвазию в него другим чужеродным видам. Сделано общее заключение, что глобальному успеху инвазии E. canadensis способствовали высокая семенная продуктивность в сочетании с фенотипической пластичностью и высокой скоростью микроэволюции во вторичном ареале.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Invasive plant species are an excellent model for studying rapid microevolutionary changes occurring in a secondary range. The model species, Erigeron canadensis L. (Asteraceae), began actively naturalizing in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century and is now one of the three most widespread invasive species. The aim of this study is to assess the inter-population variability of E. canadensis across a broad range of soil and climatic conditions and to identify the factors explaining the rapid evolution of this species' competitive abilities over at least two hundred generations. Forty six 1 × 1 m sample plots were established in different habitat types across Moscow, Moscow Region, and the Tula, Kursk, Oryol, Belgorod, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, and Amur Regions, as well as the Perm and Stavropol Territories. For each plot, a list of all encountered species was compiled, and the tallest specimen of E. canadensis was selected. For this specimen, the length of the vegetative and generative parts of the shoot and the number of capitula were determined. Subsequently, the above-ground parts of all plants within a 0,5 × 0,5 m accounting plot around the tallest specimen were cut, and the air-dry biomass was assessed for: the tallest specimen of E. canadensis, all other specimens of E. canadensis, and all accompanying species growing within the plot. Very high inter-population variability of phenotypic traits was noted: the coefficient of variation for dry above-ground biomass exceeded 94 %, and for the number of capitula, it exceeded 95 %, indicating the high adaptive potential of the species. A strong positive correlation was revealed between the number of capitula and the plant's above-ground biomass. It was concluded that in its secondary range, E. canadensis has undergone strong directional selection and is capable of growing in diverse ecotopes, which explains its high phenotypic variability. Erigeron canadensis is an explerent with low competitive ability, and its presence affects natural phytocenoses only to a minor degree: some competitive effect was observed only on 13 % of the plots, where the biomass of E. canadensis was higher than the biomass of all other accompanying species. No stable plant groupings of E. canadensis with other species were found in any of the ecotopes it has colonized. Most species growing together with E. canadensis were encountered only sporadically, which contradicts the "Global competition" and "Invasional meltdown" hypotheses, which posit that initially established alien species "facilitate" the invasion of other alien species into the phytocenosis. A general conclusion was made that the global success of the E. canadensis invasion was facilitated by high seed productivity combined with phenotypic plasticity and a high rate of microevolution in the secondary range.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>изменчивость</kwd><kwd>инвазия</kwd><kwd>морфометрические признаки</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>чужеродный вид</kwd><kwd>Conyza canadensis.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>variability</kwd><kwd>invasion</kwd><kwd>morphometric traits</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>alien species</kwd><kwd>Conyza canadensis.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ГБС РАН по теме: «Инвазионные растения России: инвентаризация, биоморфологические особенности и эффективные методы контроля расселения», № 122042600141-3 и государственного задания БСИ ДВО РАН по теме «Аборигенная и инвазионная флора Восточной Азии: трансформация в условиях возрастающей нагрузки на экосистемы», № 122040800085-4.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abhilasha D., Joshi J. 2009. 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